Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. 2. %PDF-1.5 % This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. View details . The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. v0E H+1Q` d Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. %PDF-1.6 % 415 0 obj <> endobj Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 6. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. 2. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Resume watching the video until Key Concepts. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College 0 This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ %PDF-1.6 % This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Watch the . Total: 129 a. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Discover world-changing science. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Scientists . This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. 2 Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. In . Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. But why werent there any tuskless males?. 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An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts endstream endobj startxref Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. 316 0 obj <>stream 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on until. 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